Design Methodology of VLSI Design The Design Methodology of VLSI Design revolves around a structured and systematic process for creating complex integrated circuits (ICs). The process can be automated or semi-automated using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. Steps in VLSI Design Methodology a) System Specification: The process begins with […]
Timeline of VLSI Evolution: Major Milestones Evolution of Integration Levels in Integrated Circuits (ICs) Depending on the level of integration of components into a single chip, the IC technology is classified into several categories. Table 2.1 shows the evolution of integration levels in integrated circuits (ICs). Table 2.1: Integration levels in Integrated Circuits Integration
Introduction to VLSI Design Welcome to the World of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Design! In today’s digital age, we are surrounded by a myriad of electronic devices, from smartphones and laptops to cars and home appliances. The incredible functionalities of these devices are made possible by a fascinating field known as Very Large Scale
Inductors And Its Applications Inductors An inductor is an electrical device that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field when current flows through it. Typically made from a coiled wire, it resists sudden changes in current and operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Key Features: 1. Magnetic Field Creation: When current
Voltage, Current, and Resistance – Part 4 Equivalent Resistance (Symbol: Req or req): Series and Parallel Connection The term equivalent resistance in electrical circuits denotes the overall resistance that a configuration of resistors offers to a voltage source. The configuration of resistors—whether in series or parallel—impacts the overall resistance. 1. Series Connection: In a series
Voltage, Current, and Resistance – Part 3 Resistance (Symbol: R or r): Relationship between Voltage & Current Definition of Resistance: Resistance (denoted as R) is the measure of how much a component or material resists the flow of electric current. It is measured in Ohms (Ω). Symbol of resistance is shown in Fig. 1. Fig
Voltage, Current, and Resistance – Part 2 Current (Symbol: I) Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor, such as a wire. It is a fundamental concept in electricity and is measured in units called amperes (A). Electric current can be either direct current (DC), where the flow of charge is in
Voltage, Current, and Resistance – Part 1 Voltage (Symbol: V or E) The voltage between two points is the cost in energy (work done) required to move a unit of positive charge from the more negative point (lower potential) to the more positive point (higher potential). Voltage is also called potential difference or electromotive force
8085 Microprocessor: I/O Read Cycle & I/O Write Cycle Input Output (I/O) Read Cycle of 8085 Microprocessor The I/O Read Cycle of the 8085 microprocessor is the process by which the CPU reads data from an external input device or I/O port. Unlike memory read where data comes from RAM/ROM, in I/O read the microprocessor
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8085 Microprocessor: Memory Read Cycle & Memory Write Cycle Bus Cycle A bus cycle is the time taken by the microprocessor to complete one operation, like reading or writing data. Each operation happens over a few machine cycles (timing periods), controlled by the clock signals (T-states). When the 8085 wants to read data from memory,
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